See darnijan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "diernan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "dyrnan"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "dernian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*dernen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ternen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternysshen"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "tarnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ternen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternysshen"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*ternen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"3": "*-jan",
"id1": "hidden",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*darnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "bidernen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bediernan"
},
{
"word": "bidarnijan"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Old High German: tarningon"
},
{
"word": "darnīngō"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "bidernian"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "bitarnen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"id": "en-darnijan-gmw-pro-verb-~pB29C4d",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "magic hood, skullcap",
"translation": "magic hood, skullcap",
"word": "⇒ Old Saxon: darnhōd"
},
{
"word": "darn"
},
{
"word": "darnī"
},
{
"word": "darnō"
},
{
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "darn"
},
{
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"english": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"translation": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"word": "dernen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnian"
},
{
"word": "→ Low German: tarnen"
},
{
"word": "→ Luxembourgish: tarnen"
},
{
"word": "→ German: tarnen"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Old High German: bitarnōn"
},
{
"word": "darnōn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnunga"
},
{
"word": "darnungō"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "darno"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "darnungo"
},
{
"sense": "Scots",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"sense": "Scots",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "tarnōn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "darnijan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "bidernen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bediernan"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "bidernian"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "bitarnen"
},
{
"word": "bidarnijan"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Old High German: tarningon"
},
{
"word": "darnīngō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "diernan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "dyrnan"
},
{
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "dernian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dernen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*dernen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ternen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternysshen"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "tarnen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ternen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "ternir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tarnish"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternysshen"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ternir"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*ternen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*darnī",
"3": "*-jan",
"id1": "hidden",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "hidden"
},
"expansion": "*darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *darnī (“hidden”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "darnid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*darnijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/darnijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "magic hood, skullcap",
"translation": "magic hood, skullcap",
"word": "⇒ Old Saxon: darnhōd"
},
{
"word": "darn"
},
{
"word": "darnī"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "darno"
},
{
"word": "darnō"
},
{
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "darn"
},
{
"sense": "Scots",
"word": "dern"
},
{
"sense": "Scots",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "dærnen"
},
{
"english": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"translation": "merged with descendant of Old English diernan",
"word": "dernen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnian"
},
{
"word": "→ Low German: tarnen"
},
{
"word": "→ Luxembourgish: tarnen"
},
{
"word": "→ German: tarnen"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "tarnen"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Old High German: bitarnōn"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "tarnōn"
},
{
"word": "darnōn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "dearnunga"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "darnungo"
},
{
"word": "darnungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Secrecy"
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "darnijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for darnijan meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.